P1 Datasheet

void setup() {
    Particle.publish("my-event","The internet just got smarter!");
}

Functional description

Overview

The P1 is Particle's tiny Wi-Fi module that contains both the Broadcom Wi-Fi chip and a reprogrammable STM32F205RGY6 32-bit ARM Cortex-M3 microcontroller. The P1 comes preloaded with Particle firmware libraries, just like our dev kits, and it's designed to simplify your transition from prototype to production. The P1 is the PØ's big brother; it's a bit bigger and a tad more expensive, but it includes some extra flash and an antenna and U.FL connector on board.

Features

• Particle P1 Wi-Fi module
  • Broadcom BCM43362 Wi-Fi chip
  • 802.11b/g/n Wi-Fi
  • STM32F205RGY6 120Mhz ARM Cortex M3
  • 1MB flash, 128KB RAM
  • 1MB external SPI flash (MX25L8006E)
  • Integrated PCB antenna
  • Integrated U.FL connector for external antenna
  • Integrated RF switch
• 25 Mixed-signal GPIO and advanced peripherals
• Open source design
• Real-time operating system (FreeRTOS)
• Soft AP setup
• FCC (United States), CE (European Union), and ISED (Canada) certified

Device OS support

It is recommended that you use the latest version in the 2.x LTS release line with the all P1 devices.

While the devices are compatible with older versions of Device OS and 3.x, these versions as past the end-of-support date and are not recommended for use in production. Only 2.x LTS remains in the Extended Support and Maintenance (ESM) window.

For information on upgrading Device OS, see Version information. For the latest version shipped from the factory, see Manufacturing firmware versions page. See also Long Term Support (LTS) releases.

Interfaces

Block diagram

Power

Power to the P1 is supplied via 3 different inputs: VBAT_WL (pin 2 & 3), VDDIO_3V3_WL (pin 5), VDD_3V3 (pin 26 & 27). Optionally +3.3V may be supplied to VBAT_MICRO (pin 38) for data retention in low power sleep modes. Each of these inputs also requires a 0.1uF and 10uF ceramic decoupling capacitor, located as close as possible to the pin (see Fig 1). The voltage should be regulated between 3.0VDC and 3.6VDC. (Please refer to Absolute Maximum Ratings for more info).

Typical average current consumption is 80mA with 5V @ input of the recommended SMPS power supply with Wi-Fi on. Deep sleep quiescent current is typically 80uA (Please refer to Recommended Operating Conditions for more info). When powering the P1 make sure the power supply can handle 600mA continuous. If a lesser power supply is provided, peak currents drawn from the P1 when transmitting and receiving will result in voltage sag at the input which may cause a system brown out or intermittent operation.

Warning: When powering the P1 from long wires, care should be taken to protect against damaging voltage transients if using the same regulator as is used on the Photon. From the Richtek datasheet:

When a ceramic capacitor is used at the input and the power is supplied by a wall adapter through long wires, a load step at the output can induce ringing at the input, VIN. At best, this ringing can couple to the output and be mistaken as loop instability. At worst, a sudden inrush of current through the long wires can potentially cause a voltage spike at VIN large enough to damage the part.

To avoid these voltage spikes, keep input wiring as short as possible. If long wires are unavoidable, it is advisable to add a 5.1V zener diode or similar transient suppression device from VIN to GND. Another technique is adding more capacitance to the input using an electrolytic capacitor. Please refer to AN-88 by Linear for a good discussion on this topic.

Fig. 1 Recommended power connections with decoupling capacitors.

RF

The RF section of the P1 includes an on-board PCB trace antenna and a U.FL connector which allows the user to connect an external antenna. These two antenna outputs are selectable via a user API, made possible by an integrated RF switch.

The default selected antenna will be the PCB antenna.

The area surrounding the PCB antenna on the carrier PCB should be free of ground planes and signal traces for maximum Wi-Fi performance.

FCC approved antennas

Peripherals and GPIO

The P1 module has ton of capability in a super small footprint, with analog, digital and communication interfaces.

Note: P1 pin names will be preserved as they are named in the USI datasheet, however for the scope of this datasheet we will also refer to them as their Photon and code equivalents, i.e. D7 instead of MICRO_JTAG_TMS and A2 instead of MICRO_GPIO_13. This will help to simplify descriptions, while providing a quick reference for code that can be written for the P1 such as int value = analogRead(A2);

Notes:

^[1] FT = 5.0V tolerant pins. All pins except A3 and DAC are 5V tolerant (when not in analog mode). If used as a 5V input the pull-up/pull-down resistor must be disabled.

^[2] 3V3 = 3.3V max pins.

^[3] PWM is available on D0, D1, D2, D3, A4, A5, WKP, RX, TX, P1S0, P1S1, P1S6 with a caveat: PWM timer peripheral is duplicated on two pins (A5/D2) and (A4/D3) for 10 total independent PWM outputs. For example: PWM may be used on A5 while D2 is used as a GPIO, or D2 as a PWM while A5 is used as an analog input. However A5 and D2 cannot be used as independently controlled PWM outputs at the same time. P1S6 requires System Feature Wi-Fi Powersave Clock to be disabled. See System Features in Firmware Reference.

^[4] Technically these pins are 5.0V tolerant, but since you wouldn't operate them with a 5.0V transceiver it's proper to classify them as 3.3V.

RGB LED, SETUP and RESET button

When using the P1 module, it is very important to remember that your device must have an RGB LED to show the user the connectivity status. Also required is a SETUP and RESET button to enter various Device Modes. By default the RGB LED outputs are configured for a Common Anode type of LED. These components should be wired according to the P1 Reference Design - User I/O. RGB pins may be accessed in code as: RGBR, RGBG and RGBB.

JTAG and SWD

Pin D3 through D7 are JTAG interface pins. These can be used to reprogram your P1 bootloader or user firmware image with standard JTAG tools such as the ST-Link v2, J-Link, R-Link, OLIMEX ARM-USB-TINI-H, and also the FTDI-based Particle JTAG Programmer. If you are short on available pins, you may also use SWD mode which requires less connections.

Notes: ^[1] Default state after reset for a short period of time before these pins are restored to GPIO (if JTAG debugging is not required, i.e. USE_SWD_JTAG=y is not specified on the command line.)

A standard 20-pin 0.1" shrouded male JTAG interface connector should be wired as follows:

(click to stop squinting)

External coexistence interface

Note: This interface is not supported by the P1 module and cannot be used.

When two radios occupying the same frequency band are used in the same system, such as Wi-Fi and Bluetooth, a coexistence interface can be used to coordinate transmit activity, to ensure optimal performance by arbitrating conflicts between the two radios.

 When these pins are programmed to be used as a Bluetooth coexistence interface, they're set as high impedance on power up and reset.

Memory map

STM32F205RGY6 flash layout overview

• Bootloader (16 KB)
• DCT1 (16 KB), stores Wi-Fi credentials, keys, mfg info, system flags, etc..
• DCT2 (16 KB), swap area for DCT1
• EEPROM emulation bank 1 (16 KB)
• EEPROM emulation bank 2 (64 KB)
• Device OS (512 KB) [256 KB Wi-Fi/comms + 256 KB hal/platform/services]
• Factory backup, OTA backup and user application (384 KB) [3 x 128 KB]

DCT Layout

The DCT area of flash memory has been mapped to a separate DFU media device so that we can incrementally update the application data. This allows one item (say, server public key) to be updated without erasing the other items.

DCT layout in release/stable found here in firmware.

Memory map (common)

Memory map (modular firmware - default)

Memory map (monolithic firmware - optional)

Pin and button definition

Pin markings

Pin description

Notes: ^[1] PWM is available on D0, D1, D2, D3, A4, A5, WKP, RX, TX, P1S0, P1S1, P1S6 with a caveat: PWM timer peripheral is duplicated on two pins (A5/D2) and (A4/D3) for 10 total independent PWM outputs. For example: PWM may be used on A5 while D2 is used as a GPIO, or D2 as a PWM while A5 is used as an analog input. However A5 and D2 cannot be used as independently controlled PWM outputs at the same time. P1S6 requires System Feature Wi-Fi Powersave Clock to be disabled. See System Features in Firmware Reference.

Pinout diagram

You can download a high resolution pinout diagram in a PDF version here.

Notes: ^[1] Connected to MCO1 by default, outputs 32kHz clock for WICED powersave mode. See System Features in the Firmware Reference to disable the Wi-Fi Powersave Clock and allow usage of this pin.

^[2] MICRO_SPI1_SS is only for reference as a P1 module pin name. It is technically speaking the STM32 pin PA4 which is the SS pin in an hardware SPI driven sense, however in the Particle API SPI SS is only user controlled as a GPIO. The hardware SS pin is not implemented. The default SS pin for the Particle SPI API is A2 (STM32 pin PC2), but any GPIO can be used for this function with SPI.begin(pin).

Complete P1 module pin listing

Technical specification

Absolute maximum ratings

Recommended operating conditions

Notes:

^[1] V_3V3 and I_3V3 represents the the combined 4 inputs that require +3.3V: VBAT_WL, VDDIO_3V3_WL, VDD_3V3 and VBAT_MICRO.

^[2] These numbers represent the extreme range of short peak current bursts when transmitting and receiving in 802.11b/g/n modes at different power levels. Average TX current consumption in will be 80-100mA.

^[3] These are very short average current bursts when transmitting and receiving. On average if minimizing frequency of TX/RX events, current consumption in powersave mode will be 18mA

Wi-Fi Specifications

I/O characteristics

These specifications are based on the STM32F205RGY6 datasheet, with reference to Photon pin nomenclature.

Notes:

_[1] FT = Five-volt tolerant. In order to sustain a voltage higher than V_3V3+0.3 the internal pull-up/pull-down resistors must be disabled.

_[2] Hysteresis voltage between Schmitt trigger switching levels. Based on characterization, not tested in production.

_[3] With a minimum of 100mV.

_[4] Leakage could be higher than max. if negative current is injected on adjacent pins.

_[5] Pull-up and pull-down resistors are designed with a true resistance in series with switchable PMOS/NMOS. This PMOS/NMOS contribution to the series resistance is minimum (~10% order).

Mechanical specifications

Overall dimensions

P1 module dimensions are: 0.787"(28mm) (W) x 1.102"(20mm) (L) x 0.0787"(2.0mm) (H) +/-0.0039"(0.1mm) (includes metal shielding)

Actual size (so tiny!)

P1 module dimensions

These are the physical dimensions of the P1 module itself, including all pins:

P1 module recommended PCB land pattern

The P1 can be mounted directly on a carrier PCB with following PCB land pattern:

A P1 part for EAGLE can be found in the Particle EAGLE library

P1 reference design schematic

Schematic - USB

Schematic - Power

Schematic - User I/O

Schematic - P1 Wi-Fi module

P1 reference design layout

P1 reference design top layer (gtl)

To be added.

P1 reference design bottom layer (gbl)

To be added.

Recommended solder reflow profile

Ordering information

P1 modules are available from store.particle.io as cut tape in quantities of 10 each.

Qualification and approvals

• RoHS
• CE
• FCC ID: COFWMNBM11
• ISED: 10293A-WMNBM11

Product handling

Tape and reel info

Moisture sensitivity levels

The Moisture Sensitivity Level (MSL) relates to the packaging and handling precautions required. The P1 module is rated level 3. In general, this precaution applies for Photons without headers. When reflowing a P1 directly onto an application PCB, increased moisture levels prior to reflow can damage sensitive electronics on the P1. A bake process to reduce moisture may be required.

For more information regarding moisture sensitivity levels, labeling, storage and drying see the MSL standard see IPC/JEDEC J-STD-020 (can be downloaded from www.jedec.org).

ESD precautions

The P1 module contains highly sensitive electronic circuitry and is an Electrostatic Sensitive Device (ESD). Handling a P1 module without proper ESD protection may destroy or damage it permanently. Proper ESD handling and packaging procedures must be applied throughout the processing, handling and operation of any application that incorporates P1 modules. ESD precautions should be implemented on the application board where the P1 module is mounted. Failure to observe these precautions can result in severe damage to the P1 module!

Default settings

The P1 module comes pre-programmed with a bootloader and a user application called Tinker. This application works with an iOS and Android app also named Tinker that allows you to very easily toggle digital pins, take analog and digital readings and drive variable PWM outputs.

The bootloader allows you to easily update the user application via several different methods, USB, OTA, Serial Y-Modem, and also internally via the Factory Reset procedure. All of these methods have multiple tools associated with them as well.

You may use the Particle Web IDE to code, compile and flash a user application OTA (Over The Air). Particle Workbench is a full-featured desktop IDE for Windows, Mac, and Linux based on VSCode and supports both cloud-based and local gcc-arm compiles. The Particle CLI provides a command-line interface for cloud-based compiles and flashing code over USB.

Glossary

FCC ISED CE warnings and end product labeling requirements

Federal Communication Commission Interference Statement This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B digital device, pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference in a residential installation. This equipment generates, uses and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used in accordance with the instructions, may cause harmful interference to radio communications. However, there is no guarantee that interference will not occur in a particular installation. If this equipment does cause harmful interference to radio or television reception, which can be determined by turning the equipment off and on, the user is encouraged to try to correct the interference by one of the following measures:

• Reorient or relocate the receiving antenna.
• Increase the separation between the equipment and receiver.
• Connect the equipment into an outlet on a circuit different from that to which the receiver is connected.
• Consult the dealer or an experienced radio/TV technician for help.

FCC Caution: Any changes or modifications not expressly approved by the party responsible for compliance could void the user's authority to operate this equipment. This device complies with Part 15 of the FCC Rules. Operation is subject to the following two conditions:

1. This device may not cause harmful interference, and
2. This device must accept any interference received, including interference that may cause undesired operation.

FCC Radiation Exposure Statement: This equipment complies with FCC radiation exposure limits set forth for an uncontrolled environment. This transmitter module must not be co-located or operating in conjunction with any other antenna or transmitter. This End equipment should be installed and operated with a minimum distance of 20 centimeters between the radiator and your body.

IMPORTANT NOTE: In the event that these conditions can not be met (for example certain laptop configurations or co-location with another transmitter), then the FCC authorization is no longer considered valid and the FCC ID can not be used on the final product. In these circumstances, the OEM integrator will be responsible for re-evaluating the end product (including the transmitter) and obtaining a separate FCC authorization.

End Product Labeling The final end product must be labeled in a visible area with the following:

Contains FCC ID: COFWMNBM11

Manual Information to the End User The OEM integrator has to be aware not to provide information to the end user regarding how to install or remove this RF module in the user’s manual of the end product which integrates this module.

Canada Statement This device complies with Industry Canada’s licence-exempt RSSs. Operation is subject to the following two conditions:

1. This device may not cause interference; and
2. This device must accept any interference, including interference that may cause undesired operation of the device.

Le présent appareil est conforme aux CNR d’Industrie Canada applicables aux appareils radio exempts de licence.

L’exploitation est autorisée aux deux conditions suivantes:

1. l’appareil ne doit pas produire de brouillage;
2. l’utilisateur de l’appareil doit accepter tout brouillage radioélectrique subi, même si le brouillage est susceptible d’en compromettre le fonctionnement.

Caution Exposure: This device meets the exemption from the routine evaluation limits in section 2.5 of RSS102 and users can obtain Canadian information on RF exposure and compliance. Le dispositif répond à l'exemption des limites d'évaluation de routine dans la section 2.5 de RSS102 et les utilisateurs peuvent obtenir des renseignements canadiens sur l'exposition aux RF et le respect.

The final end product must be labelled in a visible area with the following: The Industry Canada certification label of a module shall be clearly visible at all times when installed in the host device, otherwise the host device must be labelled to display the Industry Canada certification number of the module, preceded by the words “Contains transmitter module”, or the word “Contains”, or similar wording expressing the same meaning, as follows:

Contains transmitter module ISED: 20127-PHOTON

This End equipment should be installed and operated with a minimum distance of 20 centimeters between the radiator and your body. Cet équipement devrait être installé et actionné avec une distance minimum de 20 centimètres entre le radiateur et votre corps.

The end user manual shall include all required regulatory information/warning as shown in this manual.

Revision history

Known errata

We are tracking known errata with this datasheet here. These issues/errors in the datasheet will be resolved in subsequent revisions.

Contact

Web

https://www.particle.io

Community Forums

https://community.particle.io